How did Protestantism get its name, and what were some of the churches that belonged to this faith?
Because they protested against the Roman Catholic church. Churches Scandinavia and Switzerland.

What rules of behavior did John Calvin propose for his followers?
Work hard and save money.

What organization did Ignatius of Loyola form?
He formed the society of Jesus.

Why did Mary Tudor become known as "Bloody Mary"?
Because she wanted to make England to obey to the roman catholic church. Therefor she killed everybody who was no obeying (She burned hem by the stick or the head was chopped of).

How did the defeat of the spanish Armada help the Protestant cause?
It allowed europe to remain the Protestant stronghold.

What was the basis of alliances formed by German states in the 1590s and early 1600s.
The Germans based their alliances bases on religion.

1) Who were the Jesuits?  What did they believe and do as a group?
The Jesuits were members of the Society of Jesus. As a group, set up schools, helped the poor, lived simple lives, and worked to spread their beliefs all over the world. They believed as a group because you got allot more power if you were a big group.

2) How did the Pope and the Catholic Church reclaim Protestant areas?
They were saying that people had to do good deeds and have faith instead to enter heaven instead of praying.

3) What did the Council of Trent do?
They ended practices that had been looked down, such as the sale of indulgences.

4) Why did Henry VIII break with the Catholic Church?
It refused to divorce him so he could have a son with another woman.

5) Why was Queen Mary called Bloody Mary?
She had 300 people burned at the stake for heresy because they didn't want to return to the Roman Catholic Church.

6) What did Mary Tudor expect the people to do as soon as she become queen?
For people to return to the Roman Catholic Church.

7) What was the Church of England like under Elizabeth I?
 It changed to Protestant, a monarch would lead it, and they used Crammer's book to preach protestant beliefs.

8) Why did Spain do to war with Britain?
 Philip II thought he could make it Catholic if he conquered it.

9) What happened to the Spanish Armada?
The Spanish Armada was broken up when the English sent flaming ships into the spanish formation and then picked them off as they scattered.

10) What led to civil war in France in 1562? 
King Francis 1 wanted all French people to follow the Catholic church so he had many of the huguenots arrested.

Homework Page 447 #1-8

1. Whose writings did the scholars of western europe study during the Renaissance?
These from the ancient greeks and Romans.

2. Why were the Renaissance scholars called humanists?
Because they believed in the important's of the people.

3. What did the Rulers of the italian city-states do to encourage learning and development of art?
They spent money and encouraged scholars, poets, and philosophers, and set up palace schools.

4. Why did the people of florence turn to Savonarola in 1494?

They thought, that the government would stop spending food and houses and so money.

5. How was France introduced to the Renaissance?

trough the invasion of italy

6. What did Germany, Flanders, Spain, and England contribute to the Renaissance?

?

7. Of what did El Escorial become a well known symbol?

He became a symbol for power and religious devotion by Spanish rulers.

8. How did the Wars of the Roses get their name?

It came from the two fighting families which had as symbol a white and a red rose.

1) What was the War of the Roses?  Who won?
Two noble families (York and Lancaster) began a fight over the throne. At the end the Tudors, another family won the throne.

2) How did Henry VIII change history?
By convincing Parliament to declare him the head of the church of England, splitting with the roman catholic church.

3) How did he encourage the Renaissance in England?
Because he enjoyed art, literature, hunting, parties, playing instruments and composing music, nbles began looking to the Renaissance Italy for guidance in politics, diplomacy, and behavior.

4) Who was Queen Elizabeth?
Was Henries daughter and later queen of england.

5) What were English theaters like?
At the beginning open air but most of the publicum was under a roof or some sort of covering, but there were VIP seats. The plays were performed in the afternoon so that you had daylight.

6) Form what did Shakespeare draw ideas for his plays?
He drew them from his tragedies and comedies from the histories of england and ancient rome.

7) In a paragraph summarize the effects of the Renaissance on England.
It brought a new great ruler to power, it gave education and arts to england. Theatre's were build and one of the greatest playwrights of england came public. England became very culturel in this time

Chapter - Questions

1. How did the Estates-General help strengthen the French monarchy?

By got rid of disloyal nobles and put loyal persons of lower birth in their place. He stopped the raids of lawless vassals and granted charters to many towns, thus winning the loyalty of the townspeople. Made Paris to the center of government. He increased size of the kingdom. Ordered people to stop feuding. By marriage.

2. What changes did the Magna Carta bring about in English government.

It took away some king’s power and increased that of the nobles.

3. Why did the position of the common people in England and france improve as a result of the Hundred year’s war.

Peasont became more valuable, because their were not so many of them anymore.

4.How did Otto I set up a Christian Roman Empire in Western Europe?

He removed lords would not obey him and gave their estates  to his family. He made many of his disloyal followers bishops and abbots and gave them governments posts.

5. What did the Moors bring to Spain?

They brought artisans, merchants, bankers, doctors, and educators.

6. What was the purpose of the Spanish Inquisition?

Isabella and Ferdinand thought Moors and Jews would practice their old religion. So they tried and tortured thousands of people charged with heresy. More then 2000 were burned to death.

Rise of Guilds

1.  What led to the development of trade between Europe and the Near East during the 1000s and 1100s?
They traded allot and sold many products by which they became a leading Port

2. What led to decline of Italian trading centers?
The quarrel among themselves over profits and trade routes.

3.How did fairs affect the development of banking?
Because Nobles collected taxes and sales from the fairs.

4. What effects did the "Black Death" have on Europe?
It killed about 1/3 of the Population in Europe (25 Million)

5. How did a person become a master in the guild.

First you had to be an apprentice or trainee for two to seven years (Masters told them their trade. They lived with them and had to obey them). The next step was the journeyman (he worked under the master for a daily wage). After a certain time, the journeyman had to take a test, and if he passed, than he became a master.

6.Why were nobles and church officials against the rise of towns?

In this time, Merchants got more and more and more money (sometimes more than nobles had). They could educate their sons, build Mansion and bought castles from the nobles. Their were against it, because they didn’t wanted, that they get s much power.

7. How were the ideas of townspeople different from those of the nobles and peasants.

The townspeople wanted to get in higher positions, yet were they got the money and power. The nobles were completely against it. They thought that it would be wrong to have a townsman as king or and towns son in the jury. Because of that, they wanted to stop the changes.

The Nobles were over all the people. Because Merchants and artisans didn't wanted to be on the bottom anymore, they build the guilds. In this one everything and everybody was equal and so everybody felt the same. They also made all the prizes the same. The guilds became free from the nobles.