The Roman Republic

I) The Roman Republic:

    A) The Government
          1) Two Consuls were at the head of the Republic
              a) each had a veto power
              b) both had to agree before any law was passed
           2) Senate
             a) made up of 300 men chosen for life
             b) discussed ways to deal with other countries, proposed laws, and approved
                 public contracts for building roads and temples.
          3) Judges, assemblies, and tribunes
             a) all Roman citizens belonged and could declare war or agree to peace terms
             b) in 450 b.c. laws were carved on 12 bronze tablets known as the twelve tables.

    B) Roman Expansion
          1) Protecting Rome
             a) they either conquered their neighbors or made alliances with them
             b) conquered several Etruscan cities
             c) by 146 b.c. Rome ruled most of the Mediterranean world
         2) Legions
            a) introduced legions, which had up to 5000 soldiers known as legionaries
            b) legionaries were divided into groups of 60-120 from there.
            c) legions were smaller and could move faster than the phalanx and were
                also able to attack from the front, back, and sides, when the phalanx could
                only do so from the front
         3) Rulers
            a) had no taxes
            b) allowed conquered people to settle their own affairs, keep their government,
                and let them become Roman citizens
 
     C) Punic Wars
          1) First Punic War
              a) they clashed in 264 B. C. and the war took 23 years
              b) Carthage's strength was in the navy and rome strength was at the land
              c) the romans build ships like the Carthaginians, but they build also there a little
                  bridge which they used, to fight on the ships of he enemy
               d) the romans lost many ships but won then in 241 B. C.
           2) Second Punic War
               a) in 218 B. C. the second Punic war began
               b) Hannibal attacked the roman army and surprised them by marching from
                   Spain through southern Gaul and then crossing the alps.
               c) they had elephants to broke the lines of the Rome's and to survive the alps
               d) The troops roamed southern italy for 15 years and destroyed in this time
                    many cities.
                e) then the romans attacked Hannibal and he
                    lost this battle and the war. After it,
                    Rome had control over Spain's recourses
                    and Hannibal had to pay much money
           3) Third Punic War
                a) after 50 years, it seams, that Carthage is
                    getting new power, so the romans burned
                    and destroyed their cities, made salt in the
                    fields so that nothing will grow and
                    killed the Carthaginians or sold them into
                    slavery
                b) at 146 B. C. the City state Corinth refused
                    to be obey to rome, so the Romans
                    it 1 year later and burned it to the ground.
                c) now Rome controlled Macedonia, Syria and
                    now also Greece and areas under
                    its control. Rome became the leading power
                    of the Mediterranean world