Charles the Hammer

1)   Why were the Frankish kings after Clovis weak?
They divided the land under their sons and these spend more time for fighting then ruling. So the power went to the nobles.

2)   Who was Charles Martel?  What did he do?  Why was he known as “The Hammer”?
He became known as the "Hammer" because of his strength. In 732, he led the Franks in a battle of Tours, one of the most important battles in european history.

3)   Why was the Battle of Tours a turning point in history?
The Franks victory at the battle of Tours enabled christianity to survive in western europe.

4)   What might western Europe have been like if the Arabs and Berbers had won the Battle of Tours?
Then probably all of europe would be like the arabs and berbers...?

5)   Who was Pepin?  How did he help the Pope?
He was the son of Charles Martel. Pepin led the army into italy, defeated the Lombards, and gave the land the held in central italy, to the pope.

6)   Define anointed.

To apply oil, ointment, or a similar substance to. To put oil on during a religious ceremony as a sign of sanctification or consecration. To choose by or as if by divine intervention.